Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany. It´s recent political history has left its marks, for example with the remainders of the Wall that separated East from West. Nowadays it is a very vibrant international city with lots of young people, startups, fashion, restaurants and art.
Dresden is a nice city in former East-Germany. The royal buildings are among the most impressive buildings in Europe. The most prominent building in the city of Dresden is the Frauenkirche.
Aachen is a nice city, with a cosy old town, at the border with The Netherlands and Belgium. It is home to the 1200 year old Dom/Cathedral (#1 on UNESCO heritage list, since 1978).
The Chiemsee (aka. the Bavarian Sea because of its size) is a lake in the province of Bayern.
Cologne (Köln) is mainly known for: the Dom (huge cathedral), the Eau de Cologne ("parfume"), Carnival and the location near the river Rhine. Locals may also add the beer and the football club...
Frankfurt am Main is a major city and hosts the largest airport of Germany. It is also a large financial centre and home to the European Bank.
Garmisch-Partenkirchen is an Alpine city on the border with Austria. The Zugspitze (highest mountain in Germany) is nearby. The city is known for great skiing including famous ski-jumping tournaments.
Hamburg is a major harbor and has nice sites and cafes. The old Speicherstadt and new Opera Building feature great architecture. Also worth visiting is the Miniature Wunderland, a very large, running model train that features many world sites. And yes, it's most famous, world-renowned citizen is the edible Hamburger!